Biological Determinism And Social And Economic Differences...

Question 1. Biological determinism as stated by Gould, states â€Å"that shared behavioral norms, and the social and economic differences between human groups-primarily races, classes, and sexes-arise from inherited, inborn distinctions and that society, in this sense, is an accurate reflection of biology† (Gould, p.52). He explains this idea further through his explanation of how biological determinism can be measured or assigned based on the craniometry, which is the size of the skull, for at the time it was believed that the larger the skull, the more intelligent that individual was. This explanation became one of the earliest works connected to scientific racism. Gould, believed that during this time many scientists used their own prejudices, and bias’s when concluding their research, such as the work of French anthropologist, Paul Broca, who stated that â€Å"the small brains of women† concluded that men were to be regarded as more intelligent, as well as, a bove women, however, although women did prove this prejudice to be wrong with â€Å"their talents and their diplomas†, they were still â€Å"opposed by numbers† (Gould, p. 58). â€Å"Biological determinism is, in its essence, a theory of limits† for it states that people who are at the bottom are basically biologically inferior, which is reflected in their social status (Gould, p. 60). Both Darwin and Mendel contributed to biological determinism and scientific racism, is that both opened the doors to new anthropological scientificShow MoreRelatedBiological Determinism, Subculture Crime And Conflict Theories1652 Words   |  7 Pagescrime which culminated in his conviction for murder are; biological determinism, ecological determinism, subculture crime and conflict theories. Biological determinism One of the best known application of biological determinism in relation to crime is from Cesare Lombroso who â€Å"Viewed criminals as suffering from a depravity caused by an atavistic reversion:† In other words, through a regression to the early form of life found in Humans ape-like ancestors. â€Å"Lombroso believed that if a person hadRead MoreWhat Are The Four Primary Types Of Human Adaptation?1685 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 1. 4. What are the four primary types of human adaptation? Why has their interrelationship been particularly important for the human species? Anthropology recognizes four primary types of human adaptation: genetic change, developmental adjustment, acclimatization and cultural adaptation. Individuals may develop a successful adaptation with the help of biological evolution. i.e. genetic change, that is caused by the constant environmental stress, experienced by many generations. It is a well-knownRead MoreGender Equality Is a Myth3679 Words   |  15 Pagesillustrate that the differences that continue to exist between men and women are only socially, and culturally fabricated. The great enemy of truth is very often not the lie --deliberate, contrived and dishonest --- but the myth --persistent, persuasive and unrealistic. (John F. Kennedy) The usage of gender The general usage of the term gender is relatively new. It increasingly became a buzz word in the late 1960s and 1970s, and became fashionable in professional disciplines such as the social sciences.Read MoreEssay about Does History Have an End?1045 Words   |  5 P agesinherited from his philosophical father, Hegel, the idea of historical progress (.a href=http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Authors/about_karl_marx.htmlhttp://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Authors/about_karl_marx.html/a). Both believed that human history unfolds according to a distinct series of historical stages, each following the other. These stages ultimately lead to a prearranged Utopian endpoint, after which there will be no more change and an end to history. Unlike Hegel, though, MarxRead MoreSexual Orientation : Sex And Gender1783 Words   |  8 Pagesdemonstrate that other cultures conceptualize human sexual desires in ways different from ours. They might point out that homosexuality takes many different forms in different cultures or that many cultures lack anything like our categories of sexual orientation. The existence of a wide range of cultural variation is supposed to show that sexual orientations do not exist in other cultures and thus that it is a mistak e to think sexual orientations are natural human kinds. The argument from cultural variationRead MoreA Male Dominant Society1816 Words   |  7 Pagesreference to Autocratic rule by the male of a family or a group, however in modern times the term is used in reference to a social system where the adult male is in the position of power in the family and the role of the women is just to support the decisions of the male (Gordon 1996). Over the years different theories and perspectives have been used to evaluate the system of patriarchy, these theories provide different perspectives on the social understanding of this system. Feminist Theory When seenRead MoreQuestions On Meeting On Monday2681 Words   |  11 Pages spatial organization, and regional distributions.† (Heckenberger, PG 324). Heckenberger makes it clear that despite the diversity of the Xinguanos due to their permeable spatial boundaries, there is a distinct connection that links to the Arawak groups through the regional cultures (Heckenberger, PG 49). The Arawak diaspora ultimately began in the Xingu basin, and as it spread outwards, it culturally shaped the Xinguanos. 2A. According to Heckenberger, how long has the society he is analyzingRead MoreThe Discipline Of Cultural Anthropology3459 Words   |  14 Pagescultural anthropology falls into the idea that culture everywhere is our lives impacts every aspect of our human lives. â€Å"Anthropology is the scientific study of human beings-that is, human creature viewed in the abstract: male, female, all colors and shapes, pre-historic, ancient, and modern. Many cultural anthropologists come to believe that the idea of our past and present societies, from the social and cultural structure of them, to the religion and language, as well as the symbols of that society allRead MoreHow do Differential Association Theories best Demonstrate that Criminal Behaviour is a ‘Learned Behaviour’1007 Words   |  5 Pagescontribution to criminology, similar in importance to strain theory and social control theory. These theories all explain deviance in terms of the individual’s social relatio nship. Sutherland’s theory make tracks from the pathological perspective and biological perspective by features the cause of crime to the social context of individuals. â€Å"He rejected biological determinism and the extreme individualism of psychiatry, as well as economic explanation of crime. His search for alternative understanding ofRead MoreThe Fairness And Lack Of Fairness1634 Words   |  7 Pagesis about fairness, making sure all people get access and chances to the same opportunities. This is because many of our differences, our pasts and our views can lead to a blockade of participation, singling certain people out. To ensure that equality is achieved it must first insure equity. Throughout many institutions of education social inequity has been shown through social class, race and ethnicity and gender. As of this many minorities and certain people have been caused to feel an unjust service